Debate organizers commonly face a scenario where all the invited candidates do not participate, including leading incumbent or opposition contenders. Despite these absences, going forward with debates can play a key role in focusing campaigns on public policy issues and reducing political tensions, among other benefits. These contributions can help build public support and momentum for institutionalizing the forums as an expected part of the election process. As public expectations grow over time, candidates will feel increasingly compelled to take part in debates to avoid the political costs of bowing out. In Ghana, for example, organizers held historic, widely watched debates for two elections without the participation of incumbent candidates before seeing all the main presidential aspirants take the stage in 2008. In short, even if all candidates do not opt to take part, debates can still be a success.